Examples of Bibliography of Books, Journals, Papers, and the Internet

Bibliography example - A student is certainly familiar with the term "bibliography". This is understandable, because students are always struggling with college assignments. such as writing papers, scientific papers, journal, theses, theses, dissertations, and so on.

The existence of this bibliography cannot be ignored. This is because there is a big difference between scientific writing that uses a bibliography and does not use a bibliography.

What's the difference like? This article will try to answer it thoroughly for you. Not only that, you will find a complete description of the definition of a bibliography, the formation of a bibliography, and the correct writing of a bibliography. Please listen.

What is a Bibliography

A bibliography is known as a list of books or written works which is found at the end of a new written work – in the form of the author's name, the title of the article/book, the name and identity of the publisher, as well as the city and year of publication. The bibliography is used as a source of reference for the author in making the new paper.

That way, new writings made by the author can be accounted for and not based on mere assumptions. Types of writing that use a table of contents are non-fiction books, theses, papers, reports, and other written works made by someone. Bibliography is different from footnotes or endnotes, both from the function/benefit and the way it is placed.

Why is it necessary to write a written bibliography? When should a bibliography be written? Can a paper be considered scientific without a bibliography? The next section will give you an explanation of this.

Why Bibliography Needs to Be Included?

You may be wondering: why does a bibliography need to be included in an essay? This relates to the functions/benefits of the bibliography. Based on the information we have summarized, there are at least 7 functions/benefits of the bibliography, including:

• Papers compiled using a bibliography can be said to be valid, because they have gone through verification of the collection of appropriate sources.
• The paper has fulfilled the rules of scientific writing, because it has included reference sources.
• The author of the paper avoids accusations of plagiarism, because he has included the sources used in the creation of his work.
• The author of the paper can be responsible for his writing scientifically.
• The bibliography is a form of appreciation from the compiler/author of the paper for the use of other people's ideas and concepts in their writing.
• Readers can get an important overview of the reference sources (articles, magazines, or books) as a whole.
• Readers can get information about the original source, and can look for it further if they want to read it in person.

When Is the Right Time to Compile a Bibliography?

When you quote a little or a lot from a work, be it in the form of words, sentences, or paragraphs, then you should include the work in the bibliography. In fact, you may not include it if you don't get caught.

If caught, you can be branded as a plagiarist for duplicating content belonging to other people's work and as if you think it's your own. It is an invisible general rule (ethics) that exists in the academic world and writing papers that are commonly practiced.

What are the General Provisions for Writing Bibliography?

In making a bibliography, you are not allowed to write haphazardly. There are general provisions that are commonly used to make a bibliography itself, among others.

• Books or written works used as references can be included in the bibliography if they are mentioned in the text of the work you are writing.
• The author's titles – academic, religious, and hereditary – do not need to be listed. Even if the author lists his title in the book you cite. However, you only need to include the author's name.
• The correct bibliography is placed at the end of the article.
• Sources obtained from interviews, speeches, personal communications, and the like do not need to be used as a bibliography. Except, those things have been published in book form, so that they can be quoted and used as references.
• The order of the bibliography is alphabetical based on the author's name, but there is no need to give it a serial number.
• Author names must be reversed, separated by commas.
• If the author's name has two syllables, then you can write the author's last name (comma) followed by the author's first name. Meanwhile, if the author's name consists of more than three syllables, then you should take the author's last name (comma) followed by the author's first and middle initials.
• In the bibliography, the way of writing the title of the book is italicized and the article is not italicized. Meanwhile, the titles of books and articles use capital letters at the beginning, except for assignment words.
• Authors who have written more than one work, and all of them are used as reference sources, the author's name can be replaced by lines.
• If the author is more than one person, then you need to separate them with the names of other authors.
• Spacing (the distance from one sentence to another) from one book title to another is the same as the spacing found in a paper or thesis, around 1.5 to 2.
• If you use a reference from one author but a different title (book or article), then the next author's name is replaced by a line.
• Each bibliography is typed with single space spacing – for reference sources that have two or more lines.
• References are made right from the edge of the worksheet margin – without indentation or indentation. The reference link is indented in 5 to 7 beats, then single-spaced.

Correct Bibliography Writing Format

After knowing the general provisions of a good bibliography, you must know the correct format for writing a bibliography. What are the correct bibliography formats?

• The format for writing a bibliography of a book starts with the author's name, year of publication, title, city of publication, and publisher's name.
• Each sequence of writing formats is separated by punctuation in the form of ".".
• Only the city of publication to the publisher name is separated by a colon “:”.
• Book titles are typed in italics or in italics, while article titles are typed normally regardless of the language. If the book title contains a foreign term, it must be typed in italics.
• Each bibliography category has its own rules.
• The title of the author whose work you include in the bibliography does not need to be added with any title.

Easy Tips for Making Bibliography

You can write a sample bibliography very easily, provided you know how. The following are easy tips for writing a bibliography that you should know, namely:

1. Classify sources

You should classify the sources that have been obtained by categories. For example, you classify sources by category newspapers/magazines, papers, books, websites, etc. However, basically, how to compile a bibliography is not much different from one another.

2. Sort alphabetically by author's name

You can also sort the reference sources that you use in the bibliography alphabetically by author's name. Actually, when typing it you don't need to sort it right away, because there are tools that automatically make an alphabetical order in Words, Open Office, or Libre Office.

3. In accordance with the general provisions of the source

The last tip is that you must type a bibliography according to the general provisions of each source. Because, book sources differ in general terms of writing from newspaper/magazine sources, as well as from others.

Bibliography Writing Procedures

The bibliography has several categories and each category has its own procedures. This section will provide an explanation of this.

I. How to write a bibliography of a book

This is the correct order for writing a book bibliography. Please pay close attention.

1. Author's name

The author's name must be typed backwards. Starting with the last name first then the first name. The last name and first name are separated by a comma ",".

If the author is more than one author, then the composition starts with the first author first (format as above), then proceeds to the second author's name. The two authors' names are separated by a comma.

2. Year of publication

The year of publication is typed as a number, not a sentence and separated by a dot ".".

3. The title of the book

The title of the book must be typed the same as the original title. If the title is a translation, the title for the translation is written first, then the title for the language to be translated is typed. All prepositions are typed in capital letters, except conjunctions. All parts of the title in the bibliography of scientific works are in italics, except for the title of the language of the translation if the book used is a translated book.

4. City of publication and publisher

You should also type the name of the city of publication followed by a colon “:”. After that, you can only write the name of the publisher.

II. How to write a bibliography of a newspaper or magazine

This is the bibliography that is sourced from newspapers/magazines. At first glance it looks similar to a bibliography that uses books as references, but there are differences.

1. Author's name

The way to type the author's name is the same as how to type the author's name in the bibliography of a book. The author's name must be typed backwards. Starting with the last name first then the first name. The last name and first name are separated by a comma ",".

If the author is more than one author, then the composition starts with the first author first (format as above), then proceeds to the second author's name. The two authors' names are separated by a comma.

2. Newspaper/magazine article titles

The title is also the same as how to make a bibliography of a book, you need to type the title of a newspaper/magazine article, both in Indonesian and in a foreign language.

3. Newspaper/magazine article titles

Newspaper/magazine article titles are written using normal letters, but the first letter is capitalized in each word, except for conjunctions.

4. Name of newspaper/magazine

The name of the newspaper/magazine used in the bibliography is first capitalized.

5. Newspaper/magazine page numbers

The page number where the article you load is in the bibliography.

From the 5 lists above, have you found the difference? Yes, the bibliography of newspapers/magazines does not use the city of publication and the name of the publisher.

III. How to write a bibliography from a journal or paper

Journals, papers and reports are divided into two sections – print (offline) and digital (online). Here's how to compile a bibliography of journals, papers, and reports.

1. Names of authors of journals, papers, and reports.
2. Year of publication of journals, papers, and reports.
3. Titles of journals, papers, and reports.
4. Publisher names of journals, papers, and reports.
5. You should also include the volume or issue of journals, papers, and reports.
6. URL links of journals, papers, and reports, if taking digital sources.
7. Journal access date.

IV. How to write a bibliography of theses, theses and dissertations

This is how to write a bibliography of a book from a thesis, thesis or dissertation. The format is all the same.

1. The name of the author of the thesis, thesis, or dissertation.
2. The year the thesis, thesis, or dissertation was completed.
3. The title of the thesis, thesis, or dissertation is typed using quotation marks (“…”).
4. Name of faculty and university.
5. The university town is located.

V. How to write a bibliography from the internet (website/online media)

You should be able to choose a trusted website/online media as a reference. Here is the procedure for writing, namely:

1. The name of the author of the website/online media article.
2. The year the article was published/published.
3. Article title.
4. Article url links.
5. Date and time/time of article access.

VI. Bibliography example

The lengthy explanation on how to write a bibliography described above will certainly give you a clear picture. However, we will provide examples of writing the correct bibliography so that you understand it better. Here are examples of bibliography authors according to their respective categories.

1. An example of writing a bibliography of a book

There are several ways to type a bibliography that comes from a book. Here's the explanation!

A. The author's name consists of two syllables

The format is author's last name [comma] author's first name (first initial only) [period] year of publication [period] book title (italic) [dot] city of publication [colon] publisher.

For more details, please read the format for how to make a bibliography.

• Author name: Jalaluddin Rahmat.

    Writing format: Rahmat, J. 2000. Communication Psychology. Bandung: Rosdakarya Youth.

• Author's name: Susanto Zuhdi.

Writing format: Zuhdi, S. 2002. Cilacap (1830-1942): The Rise and Fall of a Harbor in Java. Jakarta: KPG (Gramedia Popular Library).

B. The author's name consists of more than two syllables

The format is author's last name [comma] author's first name (first and second initials) [period] year of publication [period] book title (italic) [dot] city of publication [colon] publisher.

Please read the correct format for writing a bibliography to get a clearer picture.

• Author name: Thomas Stamford Raffles.

    Writing format: Raffles, TS. 2009. History of Java. Yogyakarta: Narration.

• Author's name: Sarlito Wirawan Sarwono.

Writing format: Sarwono, SW. 1997. Social Psychology: Individual and Social Psychological Theories. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

C. The name of the author of more than one author

There are two formats for typing a bibliography of a book with more than one author, namely:

• The format is first author's last name [comma] first author's first name (only initials) [comma] second author's name [period] year of publication [period] book title (italic) [dot] city of publication [colon] publisher.
• The format is first last name [comma] first author's first name (only initials) [comma] et al. [period] year of publication [point] book title (italic) [point] city of publication [colon] publisher.

Please read the correct format for making a bibliography to get an idea.

• Author's name: Baharudin and Esa Nur Wahyuni.

Writing format: Baharudin and Esa Nur Wahyuni. 2007. Learning Theory and Learning. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.

• Author's names: Nyimas Aisyah, Siti Hawa, Somakim Purwoko, Yusuf Hartono, Masrinawatie AS.

Writing format: Aisyah, N., et al. 2007. Development of Elementary Mathematics Learning. Jakarta: Higher Education Department of National Education.

D. The bibliography uses books by translation

The format is the last name of the original author [comma] the first name of the original author (their initials) [dot] year of publication [period] book title (italic) [dot] the translator's last name [comma] the translator's first name (the initials) [dot] city published [colon] publisher [period] translation of [colon] original title.

Please read the format for how to make a bibliography of a translated book.

• The original author's name is Roger Simon and the translators' names are Kamdani and Imam Baehaqi.

Writing format: Simon, R. 1999. Gramsci's Political Ideas. Kamdani and Baehaqi, I., translators. Yogyakarta: INSISTPress and Student Libraries. Translation from: Gramsci's Political Thought.

• The original author's name is Dom Helder Camara and the translator's name is Apiru Community.

Writing format: Camara, DH. 2000. Violent Spirals. Apiru Community, translators. Yogyakarta: INSISTPress and Student Libraries. Translation of Spiral of Violence.

E. Bibliography uses a book with the name of the editor

The format is editor last name [comma] editor first name (initial) [dot] ed [dot] year of publication [period] book title (italic) [dot] city of publication [colon] publisher name [period].

More specifically, how to write a bibliography of a book with the name of the editor is as follows.

• Editor's name: Taufiq Ismail.

Writing format: Ismail, T. ed. et al. 2002. Indonesian Literary Horizon 1. Jakarta: Horizon.

• Editor's name: Hans Bague Jassin.

Writing format: Jassin, HB. ed. 1961. Tifa, the Poet and the Region. Jakarta: PT Gunung Agung.

F. Bibliography uses books that have authors and editors

The format is author's last name [period] author's first name (initial) [dot] year of publication [period] book title (italic) [dot] editor name [comma] ed [dot] city of publication [colon] publisher name [dot ].

The following is an explanation of the correct format for writing a bibliography.

• The author's name is Ansor Harahap and the editor's name is Yulhasni and Rasyud Assaf Dongoran.

Writing format: Harahap, A. 2011. Against Local Tyranny. Yulhasni and Dongoran, RA., ed. Yogyakarta: Sempu Library.

• The names of the authors and the names of the editors are Yulhasni and Rasyud Assaf Dongoran.

Rozaq, MKA., and Irwandi. 2013. Surf Photography Business Opportunities and Techniques: A Case Study Approach in Bali. Maryani, Z., ed. Yogyakarta: Sempu Library.

G. The bibliography uses books where the author's name is not listed

There are separate rules for how to write a bibliography of a book where the author's name is not listed. Where the author's name can be changed by the institution/body that published it or replaced with an anonymous name. However, you need to remember that an anonymous name can only be included if the name of the issuing institution/body is also not available.

• The author's name is not listed, but the name of the institution/agency that published it is the Ministry of National Education (MONE).

Writing format: Ministry of National Education (MONE). 2008. Indonesia Dictionary. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

• The author's name is not listed and the name of the institution that published it is also not listed.

Writing format: Anonymous. 2010. Bank Indonesia Annual Report. Jakarta: Bank Indonesia or Anonymous. 1937. The True Soldier. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

II. Examples of bibliography from journals or papers, or reports

1. How to make a bibliography of a journal

The format is author's name [period (.)] year of publication [period (.)] title of article published in the journal (italic) [dot(.)] journal name [dot(.)] volume number [colon(:)] page.

For more details, you can see two examples of how to make a bibliography of the following journals.

• The names of the authors are Ari Prasetyo and Intan Kusuma Pratiwi.

Writing format: Prasetyo, A., and Pratiwi, IK. 2016. Islamic Business Ethics Implementation in Marketing Communication of Hajj/Umroh Travel Agency 'X' Surabaya. Al-Iqtishad: Journal of Islamic Economics. Volumes 8: 1-5.

• Author's name: Budi Agus

Riswandi, BA. 2002. Legal Regulations in E-Commerce Transactions: Towards Optimizing the Utilization of Information Technology. Law Journal. Vol. 9:9-18.

2. Example of Bibliography of Papers

The format is author's name [period] seminar year [period] paper title (italic) [period] in [colon] seminar name and location [comma] date [comma] and month.

• Author name: Sofyan Sauri.

Writing format: Sauri, S. 2010. (full title of the paper) Building a Nation with Character …….. Paper. In: National Character Education Seminar on Building a Civilized Nation at UPI, 28 July.

• Author's name: Adian Husaini.

Husaini, A. 2010. (title of full paper)  Forming Humans…. Paper. In: National Character Education Seminar on Building a Civilized Nation at UPI, 28 July.

III. Example of bibliography of scientific work (thesis, dissertation)

The format is author's name [period] year of publication [period] title of scientific work (normal) [type of publication] [point] name of institution [colon] name of institution where scientific work is available.

For an example, please see the following two examples:

• Mahmudah, Z. 1995. Sexual Harassment in the Drama Der Besuch der Alten Dame [thesis]. Yogyakarta (ID): German Language Education Study Program, FPBS IKIP Yogyakarta.

• Anggraeni, A. 2004. Response of Beginner Voters in Rural Areas to Television Ads for Presidential Candidates and Vice Presidential Candidates (Case of Sukaresmi Village, Tanah Sareal District, Bogor City, West Java Province) [thesis]. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural Institute.

IV. Example of a bibliography from a newspaper or magazine

The format is author's name [period] year of publication (year, month, and date) [point] article title (normal) [point] name of newspaper/newspaper [dot] column/section name information [colon] page/column.

• Author's name: Indra Jaya Piliang

Writing format: Piliang, IJ. 2010 Jun 10. Democracy in the Era of Autonomy.. (full title). Kompass. Opinion Rubric: 6 (columns 1–6).

Meanwhile, the format for making a bibliography from a magazine has a slightly different format from a newspaper. The format is author's name [period] year of publication [period] magazine title (in quotation marks) [period] magazine name [period] issue.

• Author's name: Dedi Irawan and Hendra Suryadi.

Irawan, D. and Suryadi, H. 2014. "Pressure in Life". Guidance. No. 20 years IXVIII.

V. An example of a bibliography from the internet

The format is author name [period] year of publication [period[title of online article [period] domain address [period] (access date).

To facilitate an overview, please see the following bibliography.

Author's name: Sugeng Wanto.

Writing format: Wanto, Sugeng. 2013. Ulul Albab Character Leader. http://waspadamedan.com. (access December 23, 2013).

Author name: Budi Riko

Writing format: Riko, Budi. 2016. Impact of Globalization in Indonesia. http://globalisasi.blogspot.com/2016/01/01-dampak-globalisasi-di-Indonesia.html. (January 1, 2015).

That's a complete explanation of the bibliography – starting from definitions, tips, to examples of bibliography. Hopefully this article will be useful for those of you who want to make a bibliography (bibliography) in scientific writing.