Indonesian Government in 1950

Infokekinian.com – The following is information about the Indonesian government from 1950 to 1959 adhering to a democratic system, so watch this article to the end to find out more complete and clear information.

The government system is a collection of mechanisms used by a country to regulate all aspects of government and statehood.

The system of government rules relates to a set of fundamental rules governing patterns of government, patterns of policy-making, patterns of decision-making, and so on.

Every country has a system to keep the wheels of government turning. It seeks to clarify and direct things; a state that is formed without a certain system is clearly impossible, because governing the state and government require rules that are binding on one another.

Each country chooses its own system of government in accordance with the country to regulate the country and its government.

There are various types of government systems in the world, including presidential, parliamentary, semi-presidential, liberal, liberal democratic, and communist systems. Each has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Likewise, Indonesia has changed its system of government several times since its independence in 1945.

A presidential decree on July 5, 1959, effectively ended changes in the government system.

Indonesia has used a presidential government system since the presidential decree until now.

In this discussion, we will look at every system of government that Indonesia has ever had. Therefore, we will divide it into three parts: the Indonesian government system before the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, the government system after the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, and the current constitutional government system.

Indonesian Government System Based on the 1945 Constitution

Before delving deeper into the government system, we must first understand the amendments.

Because we are dividing the government system that existed in Indonesia before the amendment to the 1945 Constitution in this discussion.

The 1945 Constitution is the highest rule or law in Indonesia. The stipulation of laws (UU) and government regulations may not conflict with the 1945 Constitution.

Only by amending the 1945 Constitution can this be corrected. Making amendments was also difficult because the 1945 Constitution was a reference for the rules set by the founding fathers of the nation at that time, so they could not be arbitrary.

Indonesia has made four amendments to the Constitution so far, in 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002.

This was also caused by something very urgent, such as the existence of multiple interpretations of articles in the New Order government which were misused.

The MPR held the highest state power in the New Order government, and the President held the most power.

This refers to the government system before the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, namely during the Old Order and New Order.

The following are some of the government systems that existed in Indonesia before the 1945 Amendment Constitution:

Government System Period 1945 – 1949

1. Government system: Presidential
2. Government form: Republic
3. State form: Unity
4. Constitution: UUD 1945

The Indonesian government system in this period was presidential. This means that the president is the head of state as well as the head of government, so that decision making, policy making, state administration, and other things are determined by the president.

However, over time, through the Vice Presidential Decree No. X in 1945 there was a division of powers.

After the proclamation of independence, Indonesia was still preoccupied with the struggle to expel the invaders.

The world did not want to recognize the sovereignty of the Indonesian nation, in 1946, by cooperating with the NICA troops, the Dutch returned to Indonesia.

Even after independence, Indonesia still has to go through a very long process so that the international community wants to recognize the sovereignty of our nation.

This was all pursued through negotiations, such as the Round Table Conference, the Linggar Jati Agreement, the Renville Agreement, the Roem Royen Agreement, and others.

In the period 1945 – 1949 there were 2 agreements that had been made by Indonesia and the Netherlands, namely the Linggar Jati Agreement (1947) and the Renville Agreement (1948).

In fact, many agreements when the agreement was actually detrimental to Indonesia. That was one of the reasons for the emergence of the vice presidential decree in 1945.

The announcement contained the division of state power, divided state power into 2, legislative power exercised by the Central Indonesian National Commission (KNIP) and other powers remained in the hands of the president.

At that time, the People's Representative Council (DPR) and the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) had not yet been formed to regulate the legislature as it is today.

Government system period 1949 – 1950

1. Government form: Republic
2. State form: Union (federation)
3. Constitution: The Constitution of the United States of Indonesia (RIS)

During the 1949 – 1950 government period, there were 2 agreements made by Indonesia and the Netherlands, namely the Renville Agreement (1949) and the Round Table Conference (1949).

The KMB resulted in various agreements between Indonesia and the Netherlands, one of which was the establishment of a united state, namely the United Republic of Indonesia (RIS).

The form of this union state is like in America, the country is divided into several parts, between one country and another allied.

Likewise Indonesia in the period 1949 – 1950. After the agreement, on December 27, 1949 a provisional government was formed, Soekarno as president and Hatta as Funding Minister.

With the Prime Minister in the government system, it meant that Indonesia at that time used a parliamentary system of government.

Parliamentary system of government means that decision-making etc. is in the hands of the Prime Minister.

And that didn't happen in the government of that period, the highest decision making was still in the hands of the president.

It could be said that at that time Indonesia used a pseudo parliamentary system or quai parliamentary.

Government system period 1950 – 1959

1. Government system: Parliamentary
2. Government form: Republic
3. State form: Unity
4. Constitution: UUDS 1950

During this period, the form of the Indonesian state was no longer a union, but had returned to being a unitary state. In 1956 a state institution called the constituent assembly was formed.

The Constituent Assembly is tasked with forming a new constitution for the country or a new Constitution. During the period 1950 – 1959 Indonesia used the 1950 Provisional Constitution (UUDS).

It turned out that until 1959 the constituents could not form a new state constitution, so on July 5, 1959 Soekarno issued a presidential decree declaring the dissolution of the institution.

Not only that, but there are 3 main points of the presidential decree issued by Sukarno, namely:

1. Constituent dissolution.
2. Re-enactment of the 1945 Constitution to replace the 1950 Constitution.
3. Formation of the Provisional Supreme Advisory Council (DPAS) and the Provisional Deliberative Assembly (MPRS).

Government system period 1959 – 1966

1. Government system: Presidential
2. Government form: Republic
3. State form: Unity
4. Constitution: UUD 1945

As explained above, the constituent assembly could not carry out its duties, so on July 5, 1959 Soekarno issued a presidential decree.

In addition, another reason for the emergence of a presidential decree was because the parliamentary system of government in the 1950-1959 period was deemed incompatible with Indonesian governance, so that in 1959 after the presidential decree, Indonesia returned to using a presidential system of government and continued to use the 1945 Constitution as the state constitution.

Government system period 1966 – 1998

1. Government system: Presidential
2. Government form: Republic
3. State form: Unity
4. Constitution: UUD 1945

The New Order implemented a presidential system of government. But if you want to learn more, the implementation of the government system that was carried out during the Soekarno and Suharto eras was very different. Especially the power possessed by the president and MPR.

At that time the supreme authority was the MPR, and the president had very broad powers.

So after Suharto was removed from office (Gus Dur's time) the people urged to amend the 1945 Constitution so that it would not be misused.

After the amendments to the 1945 Constitution were carried out, the Indonesian government system remained presidential, but what was different, if in the previous period (New Order) the highest authority was in the MPR, then this was not the case after the amendments were made.

The supreme power of the state, as before the New Order, was in the hands of the people. While the highest decision maker is the President with the consideration of the DPR and MPR.

To make it clearer, here are some points of the Indonesian government system after the amendments:

1. The form of the country is a unitary state and the form of government is a republic, with a presidential system of government
2. The president is both head of state and head of government (executive)
3. The president is directly elected by the people through general elections (pemilu)
4. In carrying out his role as executive the president is assisted by ministers who are directly selected by the president
5. Policy making is carried out by the DPR, DPD, and MPR (legislative)
6. Defending the implementation of laws is carried out by the Supreme Court (MA), the Constitutional Court (MK), and the Judicial Commission

After the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, there were improvements to the government system that Indonesia was trying to make.

To reduce the weaknesses in the presidential government system, several improvements have been made, namely:

1. Policies taken by the president must be based on the approval of the DPR
2. Draft laws made by the DPR must obtain approval from the president
3. The DPR continues to supervise the president's work, although not directly, so that the president can be dismissed from office at any time by the MPR based on a recommendation from the DPR.
4. Indonesia's Current Government System (After Amendment)
5. The system of government used by Indonesia today is the same as the system of government after the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, namely presidential.
6. A presidential system of government means that the president is both head of government and head of state. The presidential system of government is different from the parliamentary system of government. Let's see the difference.

Malaysia is a country that implements a parliamentary system of government, where the Prime Minister is the head of government and the Sultan (can also be a king or queen) is the head of state.

Indonesia once tried to implement the parliamentary system of government in the period 1949-1950 (pseudo-parliament) and 1950-1959 (parliament), but was unsuccessful, so it returned to its original mission of using a presidential system of government.

In this presidential system of government, the president is indeed the head of state as well as the head of government, but what must be known is that the supreme power remains in the hands of the people.

So don't ignore the state because those who occupy positions are only our representatives. It is the people's voice that determines the most, not the voice of a few interested people.

Conclusion

That's a little information about the long history of the Indonesian state government system, which you need to know to increase your knowledge.

Thus the article about Indonesian Government in 1950 to 1959 Adhering to a Democratic System and don't forget to keep visiting the Infokekinian website.

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