Names and Brief History of Wali Songo

Infokekinian.com – Especially society Java are already familiar with the names and brief history of Wali Songo, who was the propagator of Islam in the land of Java.

The struggle of the saints is written in gold ink. They started a cultural movement to spread Islam throughout Java.

As a result, the majority of Javanese people then adhere to this monotheistic religion. The journey of Islamization on the island of Java ran smoothly thanks to Wali Songo's wisdom and preaching.

The da'wah method uses local cultural symbols such as wayang and gamelan. The next generation of scholars will continue the tradition of blending local culture and Islam.

Wali songo is a group of nine guardians. Sunan Ampel, Sunan Bonang, Sunan Drajat, Sunan Giri, Sunan Kudus, Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Kalijaga, and Sunan Muria among them.

Name and History of Wali Songo

Here are the names and history of the Wali Songo:

Sunan Gresik: Maulana Malik Ibrahim

Maulana Malik Ibrahim, also known as Sunan Gresik, was a wali during the reign of the Majapahit kingdom.

In 1404 AD, he arrived in Gresik. A small group of Muslims had been found on the coast of Java at that time.

Some of them were merchants who spread Islam and also traded, as evidenced by the existence of the tomb of a woman named Fatimah bint Maimun who died in the Leran area in 1082 AD or 475 H.

Islam had not developed rapidly at that time. Since Maulana Malik Ibrahim preached there, Islam has developed rapidly in Gresik, according to history.

But there were already Muslim kings on the Indonesian island of Java at that time. Queen Sima, the king, had a palace in Kalingga, in the Jepara region.

Sunan Gresik, also known as Maulana Malik Ibrahim, has several names. Maulana Maghreb is one of them, so named because he hails from the Maghreb region of North Africa.

However, it is also known as Maulana Gresik or Sunan Gresik by some. Sunan Gresik descended from Ali Zainal Abidin Al Husein bin Ali bin Abi Talib.

Because of the spread of his message in the Gresik area, he was given the name Sunan Gresik. Maulana Malik Ibrahim arrived in Java with Raja Cermin and his children.

Hindustan is ruled by the King of Mirrors. According to some records, Sunan Gresik came from Turkey as a mission envoy of the Ottoman Empire's Caliph.

He had traveled in Gujarat and was familiar with Hindus. The king and his people were still Hindu or Buddhist as the official religion of the kingdom at that time.

Grandpa's pillow is Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Helpers of the poor, as well as state administration experts respected by princes and sultans.

These various titles reflect the magnitude of his struggle for the Javanese people. He is also renowned for his knowledge of agriculture and medicine.

Sunan Giri had the idea of channeling water from the mountains to irrigate agricultural land since he was in Gresik, and the agricultural output of the Gresik people has increased dramatically since he was there.

Maulana Malik Ibrahim is a kind and compassionate man. Maulana Maghribi is very well liked by all walks of life, including Muslims and Hindus.

Because of his amazing personality, many people are willing to convert to Islam in droves and become his loyal followers.

Maulana Malik Ibrahim founded a pesantren in Gresik, which was used to study the Koran, hadith, Arabic, and other Islamic texts.

This is the forerunner of the pesantren in Java. He reaped very satisfying results from the first pesantren he founded.

Pastors were born, and they spread throughout the archipelago. This pesantren tradition has survived to this day. Sunan Gresik's followers are increasing, and he intends to convert King Majapahit to Islam.

This he said to his friend, the King of Mirrors. It turned out that Raja Cermin had the same intention to invite Prabu Brawijaya to convert to Islam.

As a result, in 1321 AD, Raja Cermin arrived in Gresik with his daughter, Dewi Sari. The princess's mission was to guide the daughters of the Majapahit court in learning about Islam.

Maulana Malik Ibrahim died in 1419 AD (822 H). He was buried in Gapura Wetan Village, Gresik, East Java.

Sunan Ampel

Sunan Ampel is the son of Samarqand's father, Syekh Ibrahim Asmarakandi. Samarqand is a large area that gave birth to great scholars such as Imam Bukhari who is known as a transmitter of authentic hadith.

Syekh Jamaluddin Jumadil Kubra, a major scholar, also lives in Samarqand. Ibrahim is the name of his son.

Syekh Ibrahim Asmarakandi was given permission by his father to preach in Asian countries. He succeeded in converting King Campa and his people to Islam.

In fact, the king of Campa was engaged to the king's daughter, Dewi Candra Wulan, at that time. Sheikh Ibrahim Asmarakandi and Dewi Candra Wulan have two sons.

Raden Rahmat or Sayid Ali Rahmatullah and Raden Santri or Sayid Ali Murtadho, from their marriage.

Dewi Dwarawati, the sister of Dewi Candra Wulan, married Prabu Brawijaya from Majapahit. However, the Majapahit Empire was in a period of decline due to civil war at that time. As a result, King Brawijaya was concerned.

Then Dewi Dwarawati proposed to her nephew, Sayid Ali Rahmatullah, who lived in Campa. Because he is skilled at dealing with character slumps.

So a delegation was sent from Campa to invite Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah to Majapahit, who was warmly welcomed by King Campa.

Sayid Ali Rahmatullah traveled to Java with his father, Sheikh Maulana Malik Ibrahim Asmarakandi, and his younger brother, Sayid Ali Murtadho.

Some claimed not to go directly to Majapahit, but stopped first in the Tuban area. However, while in Tuban, his father fell ill and died.

After his father died, Sayid Ali Murtadho continued his preaching on the islands of Bali, Sumba, Sumbawa and Madura until he arrived in Bima.

Meanwhile, Sayid Ali Rahmatullah traveled to Majapahit. Arriving at Majapahit, the King greeted him with joy.

In Surabaya, he was given a piece of land and a building. He was tasked with instilling noble character in the nobles and princes of Majapahit.

Sayid Ali Rahmatullah left for Surabaya named Ampel Denta on the appointed day.

Prabu Brawijaya led 300 members of his family to follow Sayid Ali Rahmatullah. During the trip, he preached to expand the group.

He built a simple viol in Kembang Kuning, which is eight kilometers from Ampel. He was known as Sunan Ampel because he preached near Ampel.

Sunan Ampel is known as Wali's father. He is the elder of the Wali Songo, a mufti or Islamic religious leader in Java.

Several students and their sons joined Wali Songo. Sunan Giri, Sunan Bonang, Sunan Drajat, and Sunan Kalijaga among them.

The most famous teaching of Sunan Ampel is the philosophy of Moh Limo. That is, to refrain from doing the five abominable things.

Moh play means "don't want to gamble", moh ngombe means "don't want to get drunk", moh maling means "don't want to steal", moh madat means "don't want to smoke opium," and moh madon means don't want to commit adultery.

Sunan Ampel is famous as a preacher and orator who is able to captivate his listeners. Sunan Ampel's teachings were very important for his descendants.

Even though he died in 1481 AD with Candra Sengkala, the Ampel cleric, and the mosque. According to local legend, he died while prostrating in the mosque. However, according to another legend, he died in 1406 Java.

Sunan Bonan

Sunan Bonang, also known as Raden Makdum or Maulana Makdum Ibrahim, is a wali. In 1465, he was born in the Ampel district of Surabaya.

He was assigned to preach in the Bonang area, Tuban. Sunan Bonang was raised in strict discipline by his father since childhood. Sunan Ampel is the name of his father.

Sunan Bonang once defeated Kebondanu, a leader of robbers, and his men with only Dharma and Macapat songs.

Kebondanu and his men felt weak and couldn't move after hearing the song.

They later became followers of Sunan Bonang after repenting. The magic of Sunan Bonang, however, is not limited to the gamelan and its echoes.

Sunan Bonang was a supporter of the Demak Islamic Empire during his lifetime. He also contributed to the design of the army joints, muamalah regulations, laws, and the Demak mosque.

He made the decision to appoint Sunan Ngudung as the commander of the Demak Islamic army.

Sunan Bonang used various books to spread Islamic teachings. Ihya Ulumudin from Al Ghazali and Al Anthaki from Dawud Al Anthaki are two of them.

He also referred to the writings of Abu Yazid Al Busthami and Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jaelani. Sunan Bonang's teachings cover three pillars of religion: Sufism, Usuludin, and Jurisprudence.

Sunan Bonang often uses folk art in his sermons to attract the sympathy of the common people, such as a set of bonang gamelans, which produce a very melodious sound when struck.

When Sunan himself beats the drum, his voice touches the hearts of his listeners. They then descended into the mosque.

His contribution to cultural literature includes preaching through wayang and co-founding the Demak mosque.

He also perfected gamelan instruments such as bonang, kenong, and kempul. Suluk Wujil and Macapat songs were replaced. Sunan Bonang's teachings have now turned into a hymn called Tombo Ati.

Sunan Drajat

Drajat comes from the Arabic word darajat, which means dignity or level. Sunan Drajat is the son of Sunan Ampel from his marriage to Dewi Candrawati.

Sunan Drajat is also the younger brother of Sunan Bonang. He lived around 1478 AD during the late Majapahit period.

Among the Wali Songo, he probably has the most nicknames. Sunan Drajat was known as Raden Qosim or Kasim when he was young.

Several ancient manuscripts also mention several other names. Sunan Mahmud, Sunan Mayang Madu, Sunan Muryapada, Raden Imam, Maulana Hasyim, Sheikh Masakeh, Prince Syarifudin, Prince Kadrajat, and Masaikh Munar are just a few examples.

“Paring sign marang kang kalunyon lan wuta; paring food marang kang kaliren; paring sandhang marang kang kawudan; paring umbrella marang kang kodanan,” are the four main teachings of Sunan Drajat.

Namely, giving sticks to the blind, feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, and giving umbrellas to the people in the rainy season.

Sunan Drajat really cares about his people. He often walked around the village late at night. Residents feel safe and protected from disturbance by spirits that are said to be rampant after clearing the forest in the story.

He went around the village after the Asr prayer, making dhikr and reminding residents to carry out the Maghrib prayer.

Stop working, and don't forget to pray, he persuaded. He also treats and heals people who are sick with traditional herbs and prayers at other times.

Sunan Drajat is famous for his intelligence and generosity. He passed down teachings to keep people from hurting one another, both verbally and physically.

Bapang den Simpang, ana chess mungkur, he said. That is, don't listen to people who badmouth other people and avoid actions that can harm other people.

Sunan Drajat's gentleness has inspired him to introduce Islam by using the concept of da'wah bil wisdom, which means wise and without coercion.

Sunan Drajat communicated his da'wah in various ways. First, either directly at the mosque or in violation.

Second, by carrying out education at Islamic boarding schools and then giving fatwas or advice in solving problems.

Third, by utilizing traditional art. He also communicates religious teachings through traditional customary rituals that do not conflict with Islamic teachings.

Sunan Kalidjaga

Sunan Kalijaga is one of the most popular wali in Java because he is well known among the locals.

Even some Javanese consider him the great teacher of the island of Java. He has a given name, Raden Sahid.

Tumenggung Wilwatika, Duke of Tuban, was the father of Raden Sahid. Tumenggung is a descendant of Ranggalawe who converted to Islam and took the name Raden Sahur.

Dewi Nawangrum is the mother of Raden Sahid. Raden Sahid studied Islam since childhood in Tuban. However, Raden Sahid rebelled when he saw environmental conditions that contradicted Islamic teachings.

He saw many ordinary people who were unhappy with their lives. Meanwhile, the Tuban nobles lived in luxury.

The silent religious leaders had little to say. On the other hand, the officials of the duchy also treated the commoners arbitrarily. Raden Sahid's heart beat fast because of it.

Raden Sahid, the young man, is very close to his friends. He didn't hesitate; he mingled with the crowd. Raden could no longer bear to see the suffering of the rural poor at that time.

As a result, he would often take food from the duchy's warehouses and distribute it to the poor at night.

Raden Sahid's deeds were gradually revealed to his father. Raden was then banished from the palace, and he ended up wandering aimlessly.

Raden Sahid lived in the Jatiwangi forest, on the border of Kudus and Pati. He robbed the rich, who were stingy with the poor, there.

The proceeds are then distributed to the poor. Sunan Kalijaga did not establish a pesantren in his da'wah. Because, according to him, the whole world is a pesantren.

Sunan Kalijaga composed the song Ilir-ilir for preaching, created batik art with bird painting motifs, composed the songs macapat and Dhandhanggula, and harmonized them with the sekaten gong. As well as making shadow puppets for da'wah purposes.

Meditation and offerings for adherents of old religions are actually used as a means of spreading Islam.

As a result, Sunan Kalijaga spearheaded the commemoration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday in Surakarta and Yogyakarta with the Sekaten, Grebeg Maulud, Grebeg Besar, and Grebeg Syawal ceremonies.

Sunan Kudus

Ja'far Shodiq is the name of Sunan Kudus. He was a great scholar who spread Islam throughout the Kudus area of Central Java.

In the mid-15th century AD or 9 H, he was born in Jipang Panolan, Blora from a father named Raden Usman Haji who holds Sunan Ngudung.

Despite its name, Sunan Kudus is not from Kudus, but from Demak. Ja'far Shodiq was born there as a result of the marriage of Sunan Ngudung and Syarifah.

Ja'far Shodiq always wanted to live independently and devote his life to the cause of Islam. Sunan Kudus's sympathetic attitude attracted people from other religions to listen to his sermons.

Sunan often recites Surah Al Baqarah, which means cow in Arabic, to captivate his listeners.

Because Hindu society dominated at that time, the buildings around the Grand Mosque were designed in Hindu style.

The unique custom of Sunan Kudus' preaching is the drum dance event which is an activity to look forward to during the month of Ramadan.

Sunan Kudus beat the drum loudly to call the congregation to the mosque. Sunan announced the first day of fasting after everyone had gathered.

Sunan Kudus is revered by the local community as a legendary figure who has a thousand and one supernatural powers. Sunan Kudus died in 1550 AD (960 H). He was buried in Kudus.

Sunan Muria

Sunan Muria is the son of Sunan Kalijaga. Dewi Sarah is the mother of Sunan Muria. Sunan Muria's wife is Dewi Sujinah, the older sister of Sunan Kudus.

Raden Umar Sahid is the name of Sunan Muria's father. He is known as Sunan Muria because the environment of Mount Muria is covered with Islamic symbols.

There is no doubt about Sunan Muria's persistence in preaching. The modern da'wah style inspired by Sunan Kalijaga infiltrates various Javanese traditions.

Sunan, for example, does not prohibit festivities on certain days after the death of a family member, such as nelung dina and nywu.

Occult smells, such as burning incense or making offerings instead of prayers and prayers. Sunan Muria also preaches through sharing Javanese arts.

For example, composing the songs Macapat, Sinom, and Kinanti, which are still used today. He invited the public to practice Islamic teachings through these songs.

Sunan Muria preferred preaching to the crowd rather than the nobility. His da'wah area is wide and spread out.

From the slopes of Mount Muria, passing through the remote areas of Pati, Kudus and Juwana to the north coast.

Sunan Gunung Jati

Sarif Hidayatullah is the original name of Sunan Gunung Jadi. Syarif Hidayatullah is an Egyptian. Sunan Gunung Jati's mother was Rara Santang, daughter of King Siliwangi, who later married the King of Egypt named Syarif Abdullah.

Syarif Abdullah died when Syarif Hidayatullah was 21 years old. Syarif Hidayatullah will be sworn in as the next King of Egypt. However, he refused.

Syarif Hidayatullah chose to preach in Java, where his mother was born. Syarif Hidayatullah often studied with Egyptian scholars while in Egypt, so he was no longer awkward when he had to preach in Java.

Syarif Hidayatullah continues the religious college founded by Syekh Datuk Kahfi in Gunung Jati, Java. That is why he is known as Sunan Gunung Jati.

Sunan Gunung Jati married the daughter of Prince Cakrabuwana, Dewi Pakungwati. Prince Cakrabuwana died and inherited the throne of Caruban Larang to his son-in-law, Sunan Gunung Jati.

Sunan Giri

Sunan Giri is the son of a father, Maulana Ishak, who comes from Pasai. And his mother is Dewi Sekardaru, the daughter of King Blambangan Menak Sembayu.

Sunan Giri was named Raden Paku by his father when he was about to leave Blambangan when his wife was seven months pregnant.

Dewi Sekardaru's father, the king of Blambangan, ordered the baby to be placed in a coffin and then washed away at sea at the request of the governor.

The baby is eventually found by a group of cruise ships whose ship is blocked by the crates that support the ship.

Lift and open the chest. The entire crew was shocked. They found a cute little baby in the crate.

The crew then handed over the baby to their employer, Nyai Ageng Pinatih, the former wife of the Patih of the Blambangan kingdom.

And he adopted the baby as his son. Long story short, the child was handed over to Sunan Ampel to be educated when he was 12 years old.

Raden Paku, who was originally a merchant who helped his mother leave the trading world after marriage and focus on Islamic symbols.

Then he prayed for 50 days and 40 nights in a cave in Kebomas and Kebomas, Gresik Regency. At that time, he remembered his father's message to establish a pesantren on the land he had inherited.

After praying, he searched for a location, and Raden Paku finally found land in Sidomukti Village, a hilly area to be precise.

Then he founded a boarding school there. The Giri Islamic Boarding School was named after its location in the mountains, and because of that Raden Paku changed its name to Sunan Giri.

Sunan Giri is an expert on constitution and politics. He has drawn up regulations and tax laws for the kingdom of Demak. As a reference, various points of view or suggestions are used.

The most important contribution and struggle of Sunan Giri is the Islamization of East Javanese society. Countless people became Muslims because of his guidance.

Conclusion

That's a little information about the names and brief history of the wali songo who was very instrumental in converting to Islam in Java.

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